2024 Edition

Youth Independent Living Services Definition

Purpose

Young adults who receive Youth Independent Living Services obtain safe and stable housing, develop life skills and competencies including work readiness, achieve educational and financial growth goals, and establish healthy, supportive adult and peer relationships.

Definition

Youth Independent Living Services are designed for older adolescents who have been separated from their homes, may have been disconnected from long-term family relationships, and may have assumed parenting responsibilities. These youth need skills and support to lead self-sufficient, healthy, productive, and stable adult lives. Youth receiving these services may be in state custody, living in a foster care or kinship care home, or in a residential treatment or group home setting and typically face numerous challenges due to multiple, changing living arrangements. These challenges include a lack of: connection to effective support for educational achievement and school continuity; access to employment preparation and jobs; personal financial education, competency and security; and sources of encouragement to save and start to accumulate assets.

Note:An agency that provides Counseling, Support and Education Services (PA-CSE); Mental Health and/or Substance Use Services (PA-MHSU); Case Management (PA-CM); Workforce Development Services (PA-WDS); Vocational Rehabilitation Services (PA-VOC); Family Foster Care and Kinship Care (PA-FKC); Refugee Resettlement Services (PA-RRS); Pregnancy Support Services (PA-PS); and/or Mentoring Services (PA-MS), will complete additional, complementary service sections.


Note:Please see PA-YIL Reference List for the research that informed the development of these standards.


Note:For information about changes made in the 2020 Edition, please see the YIL Crosswalk.

2024 Edition

Youth Independent Living Services (PA-YIL) 1: Person-Centered Logic Model

The agency implements a program logic model that describes how resources and program activities will support the achievement of positive outcomes.

Note: Please see the Logic Model Template for additional guidance on this standard.  

1
Full Implementation, Outstanding Performance
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.  
  • All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance. 
2
Substantial Implementation, Good Performance
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
  • The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented. 
  • Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
3

Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.  

  • The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.  
  • Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.  
  • Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.  
  • Capacity is at a basic level.
4
Unsatisfactory Implementation or Performance
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.  
  • The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
 

PA-YIL 1.01

A program logic model, or equivalent framework, identifies:

  1. needs the program will address;
  2. available human, financial, agency, and community resources (i.e. inputs);
  3. program activities intended to bring about desired results;
  4. program outputs (i.e. the size and scope of services delivered);
  5. desired outcomes (i.e. the changes you expect to see in persons served); and
  6. expected long-term impact on the agency, community, and/or system.

Examples: Please see the W.K. Kellogg Foundation Logic Model Development Guide and COA Accreditation’s PQI Tool Kit for more information on developing and using program logic models. 


Examples: Information that may be used to inform the development of the program logic model includes, but is not limited to: 

  1. needs assessments and periodic reassessments; 
  2. risks assessments conducted for specific interventions; and
  3. the best available evidence of service effectiveness.


Examples: YIL services can address the attainment of foundational, short-term, achievable outcomes that lay the groundwork for longer-term positive outcomes. Depending on age, time in the program, and other factors, outcomes such as school graduation or training completion can either be immediate or can begin with improving on test scores or reading at or above grade level. Steps toward achieving economic self-sufficiency can include achieving such financial growth goals as completing a financial education program, understanding and obtaining a good credit rating, or building a savings account.

 

PA-YIL 1.02

The logic model identifies desired outcomes in at least two of the following areas:

  1. change in clinical status;
  2. change in functional status;
  3. health, welfare, and safety;
  4. permanency of life situation; 
  5. quality of life; 
  6. achievement of individual service goals; and 
  7. other outcomes as appropriate to the program or service population.

Interpretation: Outcomes data should be disaggregated to identify patterns of disparity or inequity that can be masked by aggregate data reporting. See PA-PQI 5.02 for more information on disaggregating data to track and monitor identified outcomes. 

2024 Edition

Youth Independent Living Services (PA-YIL) 2: Personnel

Personnel have the competency and support needed to to provide services and meet the needs of youth.
Interpretation: Competency can be demonstrated through education, training, or experience. Support can be provided through supervision or other learning activities to improve understanding or skill development in specific areas.

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VIEW THE STANDARDS

1
Full Implementation, Outstanding Performance
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.  
  • All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance. 
2
Substantial Implementation, Good Performance
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
  • The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented. 
  • Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
3

Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.  

  • The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.  
  • Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.  
  • Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.  
  • Capacity is at a basic level.
4
Unsatisfactory Implementation or Performance
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.  
  • The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
 

PA-YIL 2.01

Personnel providing counseling and case coordination services are qualified by:
  1. a bachelor’s degree in social work or another human services field; and 
  2. two years of relevant youth work experience, including experience in case work, group work, and case coordination.
 

PA-YIL 2.02

Supervisors are qualified by:
  1. an advanced degree in social work or related field, experience delivering youth services, and supervisory experience; or
  2. a bachelor’s degree in social work or related field, two years of direct service experience with a comparable population, and three years of supervisory experience.
 

PA-YIL 2.03

All direct service personnel are trained on, or demonstrate competency in:
  1. positive youth development;
  2. normative youth development and the effects of early trauma, educational gaps and delays, and abuse and neglect on youth development;
  3. public assistance programs, eligibility requirements, and benefits;
  4. local housing resources; and
  5. the community service delivery system.
 

PA-YIL 2.04

When serving severely and persistently mentally ill, HIV diagnosed, or chemically dependent youth, or youth with other special health and mental health issues, staff-to-supervisor ratios are 1:6.
NA The program is not designed to serve youth with special health or mental health needs.
 

PA-YIL 2.05

The agency minimizes the number of workers assigned to the youth over the course of their contact with the agency by:
  1. assigning a worker at intake or early in the contact; and
  2. avoiding the arbitrary or indiscriminate reassignment of direct service personnel.
 

PA-YIL 2.06

Caseloads support the achievement of youth outcomes, are regularly reviewed, and generally range between 12 and 20 cases.
Interpretation: The number of cases carried should be smaller when youth receive counseling or other intensive services, and the worker's travel time or geographic area is extensive, than when a worker is providing primarily follow-up contact and less intensive, more centralized services.

Examples: Factors that may be considered when determining employee workloads include, but are not limited to:
  1. case complexity, special needs, and circumstances;
  2. age and population characteristics, including ethnic and cultural factors;
  3. the qualifications, competencies, and experience of the worker, including the level of supervision needed;
  4. the work and time required to accomplish assigned tasks and job responsibilities;
  5. case status, and progress toward achievement of desired outcomes; and
  6. service volume.
2024 Edition

Youth Independent Living Services (PA-YIL) 3: Intake and Assessment

The agency's intake and assessment practices ensure that youth receive prompt and responsive access to appropriate services.

1
Full Implementation, Outstanding Performance
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.  
  • All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance. 
2
Substantial Implementation, Good Performance
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
  • The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented. 
  • Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
3

Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.  

  • The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.  
  • Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.  
  • Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.  
  • Capacity is at a basic level.
4
Unsatisfactory Implementation or Performance
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.  
  • The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
 

PA-YIL 3.01

The agency partners with community entities and providers to:
  1. identify youth with potential need; and
  2. increase youth interest and the likelihood that needed supports and services will be used.
Interpretation: This standard promotes the “no wrong door” concept that youth will not be turned away when a narrow service does not meet comprehensive need. Instead, youth should be engaged at any point of entry and should be referred to or served by an appropriate constellation of providers.
 

PA-YIL 3.02

Youth are screened and informed about:
  1. how well their request matches the agency's services; and
  2. what services will be available and when.
NA Another agency is responsible for screening, as defined in a contract.
 

PA-YIL 3.03

The youth and worker meet within 7-14 days, or within a time period consistent with established program timeframes and state guidelines. 

 
Fundamental Practice

PA-YIL 3.04

Prompt, responsive, intake practices:
  1. address applicable legal protections for youth;
  2. clarify what youth need and want;
  3. gather information necessary to identify critical service needs and/or to determine if a more intensive service is necessary;
  4. provide the basis for further assessment;
  5. give priority to urgent needs and emergency situations, including health and safety concerns; 
  6. determine if youth are eligible to receive services and funding; and 
  7. provide placement on a waiting list or referral to appropriate resources when individuals cannot be served or cannot be served promptly.
 

PA-YIL 3.05

Prior to or at initiation of services each worker and youth:
  1. confirm the youth’s age and legal status and, as appropriate, obtain necessary, authorized, written approvals for service from a legal guardian;
  2. contact prior placements for confirmation about services the youth may have received, as appropriate; and
  3. arrange to meet where the youth lives so the worker can observe and document if the arrangement is safe, healthy, and provides suitable social, emotional, and physical care and support.
Interpretation: "Legal status” refers to whether youth are in state custody or are legally emancipated.
 

PA-YIL 3.06

The agency plans for, establishes, and maintains stable, ongoing, goal directed caseworker-youth relationships with youth who can be unfamiliar with how to seek, accept, and use support.
 

PA-YIL 3.07

Youth participate in an individualized, culturally and linguistically responsive assessment that is:
  1. completed within established timeframes; 
  2. updated as needed based on the needs of the youth; and
  3. focused on information pertinent for meeting service requests and objectives.
 

PA-YIL 3.08

Standardized assessment tools are used in conjunction with youth input to identify:
  1. strengths, needs, challenges, and protective factors;
  2. emotional and social competence and current level of peer group and community involvement;
  3. involvement in challenging, interesting activities;
  4. family connections, and relationships with other responsible adults;
  5. availability and use of informal supports;
  6. life skills;
  7. educational status and progress toward achieving an age-appropriate educational level or school completion;
  8. housing; and
  9. physical and mental health care needs.

Interpretation: The Assessment Matrix - Private, Public, Canadian, Network determines which level of assessment is required for COA’s Service Sections. The assessment elements of the Matrix can be tailored according to the needs of specific individuals or service design.

2024 Edition

Youth Independent Living Services (PA-YIL) 4: Service Planning and Monitoring

Each youth participates in the development and ongoing review of a service plan that is the basis for delivery of appropriate services and support.

1
Full Implementation, Outstanding Performance
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.  
  • All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance. 
2
Substantial Implementation, Good Performance
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
  • The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented. 
  • Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
3

Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.  

  • The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.  
  • Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.  
  • Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.  
  • Capacity is at a basic level.
4
Unsatisfactory Implementation or Performance
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.  
  • The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
 

PA-YIL 4.01

An assessment-based service plan is developed in a timely manner with the full participation of youth, and their family when appropriate, and includes:
  1. agreed upon goals, desired outcomes, and timeframes for achieving them;
  2. services and supports to be provided, and by whom; 
  3. possibilities for maintaining and strengthening family relationships and other informal social networks; 
  4. procedures for expedited service planning when crisis or urgent need is identified; and
  5. the youth’s signature.
 

PA-YIL 4.02

The worker and a supervisor, or a clinical, service, or peer team, review the case quarterly, or more frequently depending on the needs of youth, to assess:
  1. service plan implementation;
  2. progress toward achieving service goals and desired outcomes; and
  3. the continuing appropriateness of the agreed upon service goals.
Interpretation: When experienced workers are conducting reviews of their own cases, the worker’s supervisor must review a sample of the worker’s evaluations as per the requirements of the standard.
 

PA-YIL 4.03

The worker and youth, and his or her family when appropriate, participate in a review of the plan according to established timeframes to:
  1. review progress toward achievement of agreed upon service goals; and 
  2. sign revisions to service goals and plans.
2024 Edition

Youth Independent Living Services (PA-YIL) 5: Service Coordination for Youth with Special Needs

Youth with special needs receive additional services that are integrated into a coordinated, goal-oriented service plan designed to promote safe and stable living, and build independence.
NA The agency does not serve youth with special needs.

Examples: "Youth with special needs" can include those with developmental disabilities and communication barriers, separated and unaccompanied minors, and immigrant and refugee youth.

1
Full Implementation, Outstanding Performance
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.  
  • All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance. 
2
Substantial Implementation, Good Performance
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
  • The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented. 
  • Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
3

Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.  

  • The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.  
  • Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.  
  • Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.  
  • Capacity is at a basic level.
4
Unsatisfactory Implementation or Performance
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.  
  • The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
 

PA-YIL 5.01

Service coordination for youth with special needs supports the person’s steps toward maximum independence in the least restrictive environment.
 

PA-YIL 5.02

Youth participate in developing an inventory of competencies in personal and life skills using a standardized life skills assessment tool.
 

PA-YIL 5.03

Based on the skills inventory, the agency develops measurable goals for independence that are reviewed on an ongoing basis.
2024 Edition

Youth Independent Living Services (PA-YIL) 6: Supportive Housing for Youth in Transition

The agency provides safe and accessible housing in community settings where youth can continue to receive needed supports and work towards independence.
NA The agency does not provide supportive housing to youth in transition.

1
Full Implementation, Outstanding Performance
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.  
  • All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance. 
2
Substantial Implementation, Good Performance
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
  • The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented. 
  • Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
3

Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.  

  • The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.  
  • Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.  
  • Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.  
  • Capacity is at a basic level.
4
Unsatisfactory Implementation or Performance
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.  
  • The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
 
Fundamental Practice

PA-YIL 6.01

Acceptance procedures include: 
  1. fair and objective selection criteria;
  2. written notification regarding reasons for non-acceptance; and
  3. connecting youth deemed ineligible to alternative housing options.
Interpretation: Youth in transition oftentimes do not meet conventional housing criteria due to lack of sufficient income or rental histories. Agencies that provide housing to youth in transition should modify acceptance criteria – within legal and/or contractual boundaries – to accommodate this service population.
 

PA-YIL 6.02

Housing is provided in settings that are readily accessible to public transportation, shopping, and community-based services and resources.
 

PA-YIL 6.03

House rules are developed with youths’ participation, and youth are encouraged to organize, self-govern, and enforce the rules.
 

PA-YIL 6.04

Youth are permitted to have guests, including overnight guests, as appropriate to the population and type of living situation, and are informed of their responsibility for the behavior of their guests.
 

PA-YIL 6.05

The program ensures appropriate supervision and security for its youth resident population, as applicable.
 
Fundamental Practice

PA-YIL 6.06

Youth are notified in writing about circumstances that permit maintenance personnel to enter a room or apartment without the occupant’s permission, and receive at least 24-hours’ notice when access is required in non-emergency situations.
 
Fundamental Practice

PA-YIL 6.07

Written policies and procedures regarding eviction and discharge: 
  1. are provided and explained to youth at intake;
  2. are clear and simple, avoiding overly rigid and bureaucratic language and rules;
  3. define specific behaviors, conditions, or circumstances that may result in eviction and discharge;
  4. include timely due process provisions; and
  5. describe the conditions or process for re-admittance.
Interpretation: Programs should be tolerant of youth behaviors and might expect some degree of non-compliance from youth in transition. Early discharge as a disciplinary strategy can have severely negative implications for service delivery goals, and outcomes and records of eviction impact creditworthiness and can hinder youth from obtaining secure housing arrangements in the future.
2024 Edition

Youth Independent Living Services (PA-YIL) 7: Family, Community, and Workplace Connections

Services and supports effectively draw upon a full range of available family, school, workplace, neighborhood, and community resources that establish the youth as a primary resource for, and an active participant in, his or her development.

1
Full Implementation, Outstanding Performance
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.  
  • All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance. 
2
Substantial Implementation, Good Performance
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
  • The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented. 
  • Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
3

Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.  

  • The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.  
  • Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.  
  • Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.  
  • Capacity is at a basic level.
4
Unsatisfactory Implementation or Performance
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.  
  • The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
 

PA-YIL 7.01

To facilitate access to all available services and active membership in the community, the agency:
  1. remains knowledgeable about local, regional, and state resources, including networking and leadership opportunities; and
  2. finds and creates opportunities for individuals to develop positive ties to the community based on mutual interests and abilities.
 

PA-YIL 7.02

The agency strives to engage youth directly as key partners, and to promote sufficient relevant resources, by encouraging youth participation in local or state leadership and advocacy activities, including community advisory and partnership groups.
 

PA-YIL 7.03

Program activities facilitate:
  1. youth-family connections;
  2. development of social support networks and healthy, meaningful relationships with caring individuals; 
  3. participation in peer group activities where they can meet, lend support, and share positive experiences; and
  4. a coordinated response to youth interests and needs.

Examples: "Caring individuals" may include mentors, community members, friends, siblings, and other family members.
 

PA-YIL 7.04

Youth have the opportunity to develop a comprehensive set of daily living, social, and communication skills, including:
  1. money management, including budgeting, saving, investing, and building credit;
  2. use of community resources;
  3. accessing public assistance;
  4. nutrition and food preparation;
  5. stress management and coping;
  6. time management;
  7. relationship building, effective communication, and conflict resolution;
  8. problem solving and decision making;
  9. hygiene, self-care, and personal safety; and
  10. exercising legal rights and responsibilities, such as voting.
 

PA-YIL 7.05

The agency provides housing support services, or housing services, including:
  1. information on obtaining housing and household management;
  2. education regarding available community housing options;
  3. education on tenant rights and responsibilities;
  4. assistance obtaining a safe, growth-enhancing living environment; and
  5. advocacy for safe, affordable, appropriate housing for youth with a goal of independent living.
 

PA-YIL 7.06

Youth receive help locating and/or enrolling in educational or vocational programs appropriate to their needs, interests and abilities, including:
  1. high school or GED programs;
  2. colleges or universities;
  3. vocational training programs; and
  4. special education services.
 

PA-YIL 7.07

Youth are helped to obtain and maintain employment, including assistance with:
  1. development of good work habits, skills, and self-awareness essential to sustained employment;
  2. development of self-confidence and presentation skills;
  3. resume writing, completion of job applications, and preparation for interviews;
  4. access to and use of employment information and data to understand job options, and clarify current and future work aspirations; and
  5. use of local employment resources, job finding, and placement options, including on-the-job training.
 
Fundamental Practice

PA-YIL 7.08

Youth are linked to necessary health services, including:
  1. medical services, such as routine care and medication management or monitoring;
  2. dental services;
  3. counseling, mental health services, and chemical dependency services;
  4. age-appropriate education regarding family planning, HIV/AIDS, and STD prevention, and general information about the prevention and treatment of disease; and
  5. insurance coverage, when available.
 

PA-YIL 7.09

Youth receive additional support services, as needed, including:
  1. crisis intervention;
  2. transportation;
  3. legal assistance, including assistance with citizenship and naturalization;
  4. parent education and family support;
  5. child care and development; and
  6. activities that support social, cultural, and recreational interests, and religious observance.

Examples: Opportunities to participate in culturally appropriate social, cultural, recreational, and religious activities can help to expand the range of life experiences, and meet the needs of indigenous groups or individuals with special needs.
2024 Edition

Youth Independent Living Services (PA-YIL) 8: Transition from the Service System

Youth participate in planning for transition to the community and are prepared for adulthood with positive experiences and skills to move successfully to living and managing on their own.

1
Full Implementation, Outstanding Performance
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.  
  • All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance. 
2
Substantial Implementation, Good Performance
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
  • The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented. 
  • Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
3

Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.  

  • The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.  
  • Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.  
  • Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.  
  • Capacity is at a basic level.
4
Unsatisfactory Implementation or Performance
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.  
  • The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
 

PA-YIL 8.01

The agency prepares youth for a successful transition by providing youth and collaborating providers:
  1. transfer or termination of custody information, as applicable;
  2. information about rights and services to which the person may have access as a result of a disability;
  3. information needed to access specialized services and navigate adult-serving systems;
  4. information on availability of affordable community-based healthcare and counseling;
  5. court and welfare systems information;
  6. child care services information; and
  7. support through community volunteers or individuals who have made a successful transition, as appropriate.
Interpretation: The agency provides client information in accordance with applicable legal requirements for obtaining consent to provide client information. Under the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), 20 U.S.C. § 1401 (30), the IEP team (school personnel and child’s parents) for a child 14 and older can determine what transition services are needed to prepare for the future and adulthood. Services can exceed education and training to include independent living, community participation and integrated services.
 

PA-YIL 8.02

During the transition process, and prior to case closing, the agency explores the full range of living situations, from supported living to fully independent living environments, with youth and engages them in an evaluation of the risks and benefits of various housing options.
Interpretation: Personnel providing housing support services to LGBTQ youth should consider the sexual orientation, gender identification, and personal preferences of youth when matching them with available housing options. LGBTQ youth are disproportionately subjected to sexual and physical violence which may make certain living accommodations, such as open bathing facilities or single-sex communal facilities, less desirable for this demographic.
 

PA-YIL 8.03

The agency ensures that an adequate living arrangement is in place for every person transitioning to independence and provides: 
  1. supervised household management practice, when possible; 
  2. tenancy and landlord supports, as appropriate; and
  3. support when needed to address potential landlord-tenant issues impacting youth residents.
 

PA-YIL 8.04

For every person transitioning to independence, the agency ensures that basic resources are in place, including:
  1. a source of income;
  2. affordable health care;
  3. access to at least one committed, caring adult; and
  4. access to positive peer support.
 

PA-YIL 8.05

The agency provides youth transitioning to independence with six months minimum advance notice of the cessation of any health, financial, educational or other benefits that will occur at transition or case closing.
 

PA-YIL 8.06

The agency assists youth in obtaining or compiling documents necessary to function as an independent adult, including:
  1. an identification card;
  2. a social security or social insurance number;
  3. a resume, when work experience can be described;
  4. a driver’s license, when the ability to drive is a goal;
  5. medical records and documentation, including a Medicaid card or other health eligibility documentation;
  6. an original copy of the youth’s birth certificate;
  7. religious documents and information, when appropriate;
  8. documentation of immigration, citizenship, or naturalization, when applicable;
  9. death certificates when parents are deceased;
  10. a life book or a compilation of personal history and photographs, as appropriate;
  11. a list of known relatives, with relationships, addresses, telephone numbers, and permissions for contacting involved parties;
  12. previous placement information; and
  13. educational records, such as high school diploma or general equivalency diploma, and a list of schools attended, when age-appropriate.
2024 Edition

Youth Independent Living Services (PA-YIL) 9: Case Closing and Aftercare

The agency works with youth to plan for case closing and, when possible, to provide aftercare.

1
Full Implementation, Outstanding Performance
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.  
  • All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance. 
2
Substantial Implementation, Good Performance
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
  • The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented. 
  • Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
3

Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.  

  • The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.  
  • Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.  
  • Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.  
  • Capacity is at a basic level.
4
Unsatisfactory Implementation or Performance
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.  
  • The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
 

PA-YIL 9.01

Planning for case closing:
  1. is a clearly defined process that includes assignment of staff responsibility;
  2. begins at intake; and
  3. involves the worker, the youth, and others, as appropriate to the needs and wishes of the youth.
 

PA-YIL 9.02

Upon case closing, the agency notifies any collaborating service providers, as appropriate.
 

PA-YIL 9.03

If an individual has to leave the program unexpectedly, the agency makes every effort to identify other service options and link the youth with appropriate services.
Interpretation: The agency must determine on a case-by-case basis its responsibility to continue providing services to persons whose third-party benefits are denied or have ended and who are in critical situations.
 

PA-YIL 9.04

As a continuing resource for information, crisis management, referral, and support, the agency provides each person with:
  1. a transition plan summary, including the individual’s options;
  2. a list of emergency contacts, and
  3. the agency's contact information.
 

PA-YIL 9.05

The agency follows up on the transition or aftercare plan, as appropriate, when possible, and with the permission of the youth.
NA The agency has an interagency agreement that does not include aftercare or transition planning follow-up.

Examples: Reasons why follow-up may not be appropriate include, but are not limited to, cases where the person's participation is involuntary, or where there may be a risk to the individual such as in cases of domestic violence.
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